A inclusão de uma nova ferramenta para o ensino operacional de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica

Dentre as composições do sistema elétrico brasileiro, o segmento de distribuição é, sem dúvidas, o setor que recebe a maior quantidade de energia através das linhas de transmissão, e a distribui, de maneira pulverizada, aos consumidores. Devido à importância das redes de distribuição, sua operação é uma tarefa de grande responsabilidade, a qual exige todo o empenho do profissional responsável. Assim, sua formação ideal deve combinar o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas, habilidades, atitudes éticas, sociais e ambientais. No entanto, nem todos os segmentos da Engenharia Elétrica possuem instrumentos que permitam que a teoria seja implementada, em laboratório, de forma dinâmica, como por exemplo, os processos de planejamento e operação de sistemas elétricos de potência. Verifica-se que nesta área há uma carência de equipamentos de natureza experimental, onde o conhecimento prático é embasado apenas na reprodução de simulações, realizadas através de ferramentas computacionais. Assim, propõe-se neste trabalho uma análise de aplicabilidade de inserção de uma ferramenta experimental de ensino. Esta, deve ser capaz de reproduzir algumas das principais características operacionais de uma rede real, em laboratório, de forma a inovar e facilitar o ensino de processos de planejamento operacional de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica, fomentando os principais conceitos de métodos de aprendizagem baseados em problemas

A Decision Support System for Planning and Operation of Maintenance and Customer Services in Electric Power Distribution Systems

This chapter aims to present the design and development of a decision support system (DSS) for the analysis, simulation, planning, and operation of maintenance and customer services in electric power distribution system (EPDS). The main objective of the DSS is to improve the decision‐making processes through visualization tools and simulation of real cases in the EPDS, in order to allow better planning in the short, medium, and long term. Therefore, the DSS helps managers and decision‐makers to reduce maintenance and operational costs, to improve system reliability, and to analyze new scenarios and conditions for system expansion planning. First, we introduce the key challenges faced by the decision‐makers in the planning and operation of maintenance and customer services in EPDS. Next, we discuss the benefits and the requirements for the DSS design and development, including use cases modeling and the software architecture. Afterwards, we present the capabilities of the DSS and discuss important decisions made during the implementation phases. We conclude the chapter with a discussion about the obtained results, pointing out the possible enhancements of the DSS, future extensions, and new use cases that may be addressed

Coordination and Selectivity of Protection Devices with Reliability Assessment in Distribution Systems

This chapter provides an overview of the reliability of electricity distribution networks, and its evaluation that is linked with the protection system. In this way, the characteristics of network protection are presented, along with the peculiarities in coordination and device selectivity adjustments. For the assessment of the reliability, we have the methodology of logic-structural matrix (LSM) that integrates the constitution of the network with historical data of faults, so that with this, a model can be elaborated that can evaluate the impact of changes in the system directly on the reliability indicators

Control Strategies for Smart Charging and Discharging of Plug- In Electric Vehicles

This chapter aims to provide an overview of the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging and discharging strategies in the electric power system and the smart cities, as well as an application benefiting both consumers and power utility. The electric vehicle technology will be introduced. Then, the main impacts, benefits and challenges related to this technology will be discussed. Following, the role of the vehicles in smart cities will be presented. Next, the major methods and strategies for charging and discharging of plug-in electric vehicles available in the literature will be described. Finally, a new strategy for the intelligent charging and discharging of electric vehicles will be presented, which aims to benefit the consumer and the power utility

Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Link Design for Networked Robotics

This chapter aims to present the fundamentals of the design of wireless communication links for networked robotics applications. First, we provide an overview of networked robotics applications, motivating the importance of the wireless communication link as an enabler of these applications. Next, we review the wireless communication technologies available today, discussing the existent tradeoffs between range, power, and data rate, and introducing the main concepts regarding the design of wireless communication links. Finally, we present a design example of a wireless communication link and the results obtained. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the results and the challenges faced in the design of wireless communication links for networked robotics

A inclusão de uma nova ferramenta para o ensino operacional de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica

Dentre as composições do sistema elétrico brasileiro, o segmento de distribuição é, sem dúvidas, o setor que recebe a maior quantidade de energia através das linhas de transmissão, e a distribui, de maneira pulverizada, aos consumidores. Devido à importância das redes de distribuição, sua operação é uma tarefa de grande responsabilidade, a qual exige todo o empenho do profissional responsável. Assim, sua formação ideal deve combinar o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas, habilidades, atitudes éticas, sociais e ambientais. No entanto, nem todos os segmentos da Engenharia Elétrica possuem instrumentos que permitam que a teoria seja implementada, em laboratório, de forma dinâmica, como por exemplo, os processos de planejamento e operação de sistemas elétricos de potência. Verifica-se que nesta área há uma carência de equipamentos de natureza experimental, onde o conhecimento prático é embasado apenas na reprodução de simulações, realizadas através de ferramentas computacionais. Assim, propõe-se neste trabalho uma análise de aplicabilidade de inserção de uma ferramenta experimental de ensino. Esta, deve ser capaz de reproduzir algumas das principais características operacionais de uma rede real, em laboratório, de forma a inovar e facilitar o ensino de processos de planejamento operacional de redes de distribuição de energia elétrica, fomentando os principais conceitos de métodos de aprendizagem baseados em problemas

Estimation of Electrical Energy Consumption in Irrigated Rice Crops in Southern Brazil

On average, 70% of the world’s freshwater is used in agriculture, with farmers transitioning to electrical irrigation systems to increase productivity, reduce climate uncertainties, and decrease water consumption. In Brazil, where agriculture is a significant part of the economy, this transition has reached record levels over the last decade, further increasing the impact of energy consumption. This paper presents a methodology that utilizes the U-Net model to detect flooded rice fields using Sentinel-2 satellite images and estimates the electrical energy consumption required to pump water for this irrigation. The proposed approach involves grouping the detected flooded areas using k-means clustering with the electricity customers’ geographical coordinates, provided by the Power Distribution Company. The methodology was evaluated in a dataset of satellite images from southern Brazil, and the results demonstrate the potential of using U-Net models to identify rice fields. Furthermore, comparing the estimated electrical energy consumption required for irrigation in each cluster with the billed energy values provides valuable insights into the sustainable management of rice production systems and the electricity grid, helping to identify non-technical losses and improve irrigation efficiency

Performance Analysis of Overcurrent Protection under Corrupted Sampled Value Frames: A Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach

The IEC 61850 standard aims at digitization substations and provides interoperability between various Intelligent Electronic Device vendors. The digitization process is accompanied by several challenges related to data transmission on the ethernet network and the protection behavior under these conditions. Among the challenges, we can mention packet loss, delay, and duplicate frame, which occurs when the merging units (publisher) transmit the sampled values and, for some reason, these packets do not reach the subscriber or are duplicated. Nowadays, most Intelligent Electronic Device manufacturers block the protection function when some sampled value packets are corrupted. The effects of blocking protection when packet loss occurs under normal operating conditions do not cause significant problems. However, when a fault occurs, the corrupted packets can cause a delay in fault clearance, causing even more damage to the grid. The purpose of this article is to present the effects of corrupted sampled values on the performance of overcurrent protection. All the evaluations were performed in real time using the hardware-in-loop simulation approach with a commercial Intelligent Electronic Device. The OP5700 hardware platform from OPAL-RT, with the library “IEC 61850 Data Integrity Manipulation”, was used. The results show that corrupted sampled value frames affect the functioning of the protections

Electricity Supply Regulations in South America: A Review of Regulatory Aspects

The quality of electricity is one of the most discussed issues in the regulatory context, structured by guidelines that allow the assessment of efficiency in electricity supply. Regarding electricity distribution systems, it is essential to highlight the aspects associated with the definition of continuity indicators to measure the service provided by the utilities. The parameters used to calculate the indicators are set by specific agencies in each country based on studies and their characteristics. With the growth in demand for electricity, debates associated with reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, and the increase in Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) connected to the grid, a new trend related to the energy supply is verified. Given these new scenarios, this paper presents a literature review in the regulatory field of existing distribution systems in South American countries. The research proposes to analyze, compare, and expose the current models to evaluate their methods and indicators, including a complete case study in Brazil. This paper seeks to illustrate and point out perspectives, challenges, and future perspectives through the collected and analyzed data